Cardiovascular L E C T U R EPrinciples & Components of Fitness. Flexibility A health and performance-related component of physical fitness that is the range of motion possible at a joint Each component offers specific health benefits, but optimal health requires some degree of balance between all four Concept and Term Discovery/Introduction. It is the aim of exercise to improve our Physical fitness is most easily understood by examining its components, or “parts.” z Aerobic Fitness or Cardiore